Tsoelo-pele ea Lefatše ea Tlhahiso ea Li-ambrella: Ho tloha Mesebetsing ea Bonono ea Boholo-holo ho ea Indastering ea Kajeno
Selelekela
Likhelee bile karolo ea tsoelo-pele ea batho ka lilemo tse likete, e fetoha ho tloha meriti e bonolo ea letsatsi ho ea ho lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng tsa tšireletso ea boemo ba leholimo. Indasteri ea tlhahiso ea likhele e bile le liphetoho tse makatsang ho pholletsa le mehla le libaka tse fapaneng. Sengoloa sena se latela leeto le felletseng la tlhahiso ea likhele lefatšeng ka bophara, se hlahloba metso ea eona ea nalane, nts'etsopele ea indasteri le matla a hona joale a 'maraka.
Tšimoloho ea Boholo-holo ea Tlhahiso ea Likhele
Li-Canopies tsa Tšireletso tsa Pele
Litlaleho tsa nalane li bontša hore lisebelisoa tsa pele tse kang sekhele li hlahile lichabeng tsa boholo-holo:
- Egepeta (hoo e ka bang ka 1200 BCE): Makhasi a palema le masiba a sebelisitsoe bakeng sa moriti
- Chaena (lekholong la bo11 la lilemo BCE): Ho ile ha etsoa likhele tsa pampiri tse tlotsitsoeng ka oli tse nang le liforeimi tsa lehlaka
- Assyria: Likhele tse bolokiloeng bakeng sa borena e le matšoao a boemo
Mefuta ena ea pele e ne e sebeletsa haholo-holo e le tšireletso letsatsing ho fapana le lisebelisoa tsa pula. Machaena e bile bona ba pele ba ileng ba sebelisa likhele tse sa keneleng metsi ka ho li tlotsa ka lacquer holim'a pampiri, e leng se ileng sa etsa tšireletso e sebetsang ea pula.
Namela hoYuropale Tlhahiso ea Pele
Ho pepesehela likhele tsa Europe ho tlile ka:
- Litsela tsa khoebo le Asia
- Phapanyetsano ea setso nakong ea Renaissance
- Baeti ba khutlang ba tsoa Bochabela bo Hare
Likhele tsa pele tsa Europe (lekholong la bo16-17 la lilemo) li ne li le teng:
- Liforeimi tse boima tsa lehong
- Likoahelo tsa kanavase tse koahetsoeng ka boka
- Likhopo tsa leruarua
Li ile tsa lula e le lintho tsa mabothobotho ho fihlela indasteri e li etsa hore li fumanehe habonolo.
Phetohelo ea Liindasteri le Tlhahiso ea Batho ba Bangata
Lintlafatso tsa Bohlokoa tsa Lekholo la bo18-la bo19 la Lilemo
Indasteri ea likhele e fetohile haholo nakong ea Phetohelo ea Liindasteri:
Tsoelo-pele ea Lintho Tse Bonahalang:
- Lilemo tsa bo-1750: Moqapi oa Lenyesemane Jonas Hanway o ile a tumisa likhele tsa pula
- 1852: Samuel Fox o ile a qapa sekhele se nang le likhopo tsa tšepe
- Lilemo tsa bo-1880: Ntlafatso ea mekhoa ea ho mena
Litsi tsa Tlhahiso li Hlahile:
- London (Li-Fox Umbrellas, e thehiloe ka 1868)
- Paris (baetsi ba dikhele tsa mabothobotho ba pele)
- New York (fektheri ea pele ea likhele tsa Amerika, 1828)
Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso e Ntlafalitsoe
Lifeme tsa pele tse kentsweng tshebetsong:
- Karohano ea basebetsi (lihlopha tse arohaneng bakeng sa liforeimi, likoahelo, kopano)
- Mechini ea ho seha e tsamaisoang ka mouoane
- Boholo bo tloaelehileng
Nako ena e ile ea theha tlhahiso ea likhele e le indasteri e nepahetseng ho fapana le mosebetsi oa matsoho.
Lekholo la bo20 la lilemo: Lefatše le Ntlafatso
Lintlafatso tse Kholo tsa Theknoloji
Lilemo tsa bo-1900 li tlisitse liphetoho tse kholo:
Lisebelisoa:
- Lilemo tsa bo-1920: Aluminium e nkile sebaka sa litšepe tse boima
- Lilemo tsa bo-1950: Nylon e nkile sebaka sa likoahelo tsa silika le k'hothone
- Lilemo tsa bo-1970: Likhopo tsa fiberglass li ntlafalitse ho tšoarella
Mekhoa e Mecha ea Moralo:
- Likhele tse menang tse nyane
- Mekhoa ea ho bula ka boiketsetso
- Likhele tse hlakileng tsa bubble
Liphetoho tsa Tlhahiso
Tlhahiso ea kamora Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše e ile ea isoa ho:
1. Japane (lilemo tsa bo-1950-1970): Likhele tse menwang tsa boleng bo holimo
2. Taiwan/Hong Kong (lilemo tsa bo-1970-1990): Tlhahiso e kgolo ka ditjeo tse tlase
3. Chaena e Kholo (ho tloha bo-1990 ho isa ho hona joale): E bile mofani ea ka sehloohong oa lefats'e
Sebaka sa Hona Joale sa Tlhahiso ea Lefatše
Litsi tse Kholo tsa Tlhahiso
1. China (Setereke sa Shangyu, Profinseng ea Zhejiang)
- E hlahisa 80% ea likhele tsa lefats'e
- E ikgethile ka lintlha tsohle tsa theko ho tloha ho $1 ea lintho tse lahloang ho isa ho tse romelloang kantle ho naha tse phahameng
- Lehae ho lifektheri tse fetang 1,000 tsa likhele
2. India (Mumbai, Bangalore)
- E boloka tlhahiso ea sekhele sa setso se entsoeng ka letsoho
- Lekala le ntseng le hola la tlhahiso e iketsang
- Mofani e moholo oa limmaraka tsa Bochabela bo Hare le Afrika
3. Yuropa (UK, Italy,Jeremane)
- Tsepamisa maikutlo holim'a likhele tsa mabothobotho le tsa moqapi
- Lihlahisoa tse kang Fulton (UK), Pasotti (Italy), Knirps (Jeremane)
- Litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa basebetsi li fokotsa tlhahiso e ngata
4. United States
- Haholo-holo ke mesebetsi ea moralo le ea ho kenya thepa kantle ho naha
- Bahlahisi ba bang ba ikhethang (mohlala, Blunt USA, Totes)
- E matla ka meralo ea theknoloji e phahameng e nang le patent
Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso ea Sejoale-joale
Lifeme tsa sekhele tsa kajeno li sebelisa:
- Mechini ea ho seha e sebelisoang ka khomphutha
- Tekanyo ea laser bakeng sa kopano e nepahetseng
- Mekhoa ea taolo ea boleng e iketsang
- Mekhoa e hlokomelang tikoloho joalo ka ho koahela ka metsi
Mekhoa ea 'Maraka le Litlhoko tsa Bareki
Lipalopalo tsa Hona Joale tsa Indasteri
- Boleng ba 'maraka oa lefats'e: $5.3 bilione (2023)
- Sekhahla sa kgolo ya selemo le selemo: 3.8%
- Boholo ba 'maraka bo lebelletsoeng: $6.2 bilione ka 2028
Mekhoa ea Bohlokoa ea Bareki
1. Khanyetso ea Boemo ba Leholimo
- Meralo e sa keneleng moya (marulelo a mabedi, di-top tse nang le moya o kenang)
- Liforeimi tse sa keneng sefefong
2. Likarolo tse Bohlale
- Ho latela GPS
- Litemoso tsa boemo ba leholimo
- Mabone a kentsweng kahare
3. Botsitso
- Masela a bolang
- Meralo e bonolo ho lokisa
4. Ho Kopanya Feshene
- Tšebelisano-'moho ea baqapi
- Khatiso e ikhethileng bakeng sa lihlahisoa/liketsahalo
- Mekhoa ea mebala ea linako tsa selemo
Liphephetso Tseo Bahlahisi ba Tobaneng le Tsona
Mathata a Tlhahiso
1. Litšenyehelo tsa Thepa
- Litheko tse feto-fetohang tsa tšepe le masela
- Litšitiso tsa ketane ea phepelo
2. Matla a Mosebetsi
- Ho nyoloha ha meputso Chaena
- Khaello ea basebetsi libakeng tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho ea setso
3. Likhatello tsa Tikoloho
- Matlakala a polasetiki a tswang dikhele tse lahlwang
- Ho phalla ha lik'hemik'hale ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tsa ho thibela metsi
Tlholisano ea 'Maraka
- Lintoa tsa litheko har'a bahlahisi ba bangata
- Lihlahisoa tsa maiketsetso tse amang lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo
- Lihlahisoa tse tobileng ho moreki li sitisa kabo ea setso
Bokamoso ba Tlhahiso ea Li-ambrella
Mahlale a Hlahang
1. Lisebelisoa tse Tsoetseng Pele
- Liaparo tsa Graphene bakeng sa ho thibela metsi ho se kenelle ka mokhoa o mosesaane haholo
- Masela a iphekolang
2. Mekhoa e Mecha ea Tlhahiso
- Liforeimi tse ka fetoloang tse hatisitsoeng ka 3D
- Ntlafatso ea moralo e thusitsoeng ke AI
3. Mekhoa ea Khoebo
- Litšebeletso tsa peeletso ea sekhele
- Litsamaiso tse arolelanoang tsa likhele metseng
Mekhoa ea ho Tšoarella
Bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong ba amohela:
- Mananeo a ho khutlisa lintho tse sebelisitsoeng hape
- Lifeme tse sebelisang matla a letsatsi
- Mekhoa ea ho daea ntle le metsi
Qetello
Indasteri ea tlhahiso ea likhele e tsamaile ho tloha ho lisebelisoa tsa borena tse entsoeng ka letsoho ho ea ho lintho tse hlahisoang ka bongata tse rekisoang lefatšeng ka bophara. Le hoja Chaena e ntse e busa tlhahiso, boqapi le botsitso li fetola bokamoso ba indasteri. Ho tloha likhele tse hokahaneng ka bohlale ho ea tlhahisong e hlokomelang tikoloho, sehlopha sena sa lihlahisoa tsa khale se ntse se tsoela pele ho fetoha ka litlhoko tsa sejoale-joale.
Ho utloisisa moelelo ona o felletseng oa nalane le indasteri ho thusa ho utloisisa kamoo sesebelisoa se bonolo sa tšireletso se ileng sa fetoha ketsahalo ea tlhahiso lefatšeng ka bophara.
Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-20-2025